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The National Cartoonists Society (NCS) is an organization of professional cartoonists in the United States. It presents the National Cartoonists Society Awards. The Society was born in 1946 when groups of cartoonists got together to entertain the troops. They enjoyed each other's company and decided to meet on a regular basis.〔( Harvey, R.C. "Tales of the Founding of the National Cartoonists Society" June 7, 2010. )〕 NCS members work in many branches of the profession, including advertising, animation, newspaper comic strips and syndicated single-panel cartoons, comic books, editorial cartoons, gag cartoons, graphic novels, greeting cards, magazine and book illustration. Only recently has the National Cartoonists Society embraced web comics. Membership is limited to established professional cartoonists, with a few exceptions of outstanding persons in affiliated fields. The NCS is not a guild or labor union. The organization's stated primary purposes are "to advance the ideals and standards of professional cartooning in its many forms", "to promote and foster a social, cultural and intellectual interchange among professional cartoonists of all types" and "to stimulate and encourage interest in and acceptance of the art of cartooning by aspiring cartoonists, students and the general public."〔(The History of the NCS )〕 ==History== The National Cartoonists Society had its origins during World War II when cartoonists Gus Edson, Otto Soglow, Clarence D. Russell, Bob Dunn and others did chalk talks at hospitals for the USO in 1943. Edson recalled, “We played two spots. Fort Hamilton and Governor’s Island. And then we quit the USO.” They were lured away by choreographer and former Rockette Toni Mendez. When she learned of these chalk talks, she recruited the cartoonists to do shows for the Hospital Committee of the American Theatre Wing. Beginning with a performance emceed by humor columnist Bugs Baer at Halloran Hospital on Staten Island, these shows were produced and directed by Mendez. The group expanded to junkets on military transport planes, flying to military bases along the southeastern seaboard. On one of those flights, Russell proposed a club to Rube Goldberg and others so the group could still get together after WWII ended. Mendez recalled: :He said, "Everybody has a club or an association or some kind—lumber jacks, undertakers, rug weavers, even garbage collectors—so I don’t see why we can’t have one, too." All during the flight, Rube kept saying, "No—leave us alone; we’re doing fine." C.D. turned to me and he said, "And no girls. Only boys." And he went up and down the aisle of the plane, repeating that this club would be just for boys.〔 The Society was organized on a Friday evening, March 1, 1946, when 26 cartoonists gathered at 7pm in the Barberry Room on East 52nd Street in Manhattan. After drinks and dinner, they voted to determine officers and a name for their new organization. It was initially known as The Cartoonists Society. Goldberg was elected president with Russell Patterson as vice president, C. D. Russell as secretary and Milton Caniff, treasurer. Soglow was later added as second vice president (“to follow the first vice president around”). Mendez functioned as the Society's trouble-shooter and later became an agent representing more than 50 cartoonists.〔 The 26 founding members came from the group of 32 members who had paid dues by March 13, including strip cartoonists Wally Bishop (''Muggs and Skeeter''), Martin Branner (''Winnie Winkle''), Ernie Bushmiller (''Nancy''), Milton Caniff, Gus Edson (''The Gumps''), Ham Fisher (''Joe Palooka''), Harry Haenigsen (''Penny''), Fred Harman (''Red Ryder''), Bill Holman (''Smokey Stover''), Jay Irving (''Willie Doodle''), Stan MacGovern (''Silly Milly''), Al Posen (''Sweeney and Son''), Clarence Russell (''Pete the Tramp''), Otto Soglow (''The Little King''), Jack Sparling (''Claire Voyant''), Raeburn Van Buren (''Abbie an' Slats''), Dow Walling (''Skeets'') and Frank Willard (''Moon Mullins'').〔 Also among the early 32 members were syndicated panel cartoonists Dave Breger (''Mister Breger''), George Clark (''The Neighbors''), Bob Dunn (''Just the Type'') and Jimmy Hatlo (''They'll Do It Every Time''); freelance magazine cartoonists Abner Dean and Mischa Richter, editorial cartoonists Rube Goldberg (''New York Sun''), Burris Jenkins (''New York Journal American''), C. D. Batchelor (''Daily News'') and Richard Q. Yardley (''The Baltimore Sun''); sports cartoonist Lou Hanlon; illustrator Russell Patterson and comic book artists Joe Shuster and Joe Musial.〔 More members joined by mid-May 1946, including Harold Gray (''Little Orphan Annie'') and the Society’s first animator, Paul Terry, followed in the summer by letterer Frank Engli, Bela Zaboly (''Popeye''), Al Capp (''Li’l Abner'') and Ray Bailey (''Bruce Gentry''). By March 1947, the NCS had 112 members, including Bud Fisher (''Mutt and Jeff''), Don Flowers (Glamor Girls), Bob Kane (''Batman''), Fred Lasswell (''Barney Google and Snuffy Smith''), George Lichty (''Grin and Bear It''), Zack Mosley (''The Adventures of Smilin' Jack''), Alex Raymond (''Rip Kirby''), Cliff Sterrett (''Polly and Her Pals'') and Chic Young (''Blondie''), plus editorial cartoonists Reg Manning and Fred O. Seibel and sports cartoonist Willard Mullin. Marge Devine Duffy, a secretary in King Features public relations department, had been helping Russell handle correspondence to the NCS, and in 1948, she was installed as the official NCS secretary and later given the title Scribe of the Society. Her name was on all the Society’s publications, and her address was the permanent mailing address of the NCS for more than 30 years. As the organizing secretary, she handled agendas, organization and publicity. “She practically ran the damn thing,” Caniff recalled. “A real autocrat, and everyone was delighted to have her be an autocrat because that’s what we needed.”〔 In the fall of 1949, the NCS cooperated with Treasury Department to sell savings bonds, engaging in a nationwide tour to 17 major cities with a team of 10 to 12 cartoonists and a traveling display, ''20,000 Years of Comics'', a 95-foot pictorial history of the comic strip. Despite the contributions of Duffy and Mendez, there were no female members, as stipulated in the NCS' constitution which specified that “any cartoonist (male) who signs his name to his published work” could apply for membership. In 1949, Hilda Terry wrote a letter challenging that rule, and after more than six months of debates and votes, three women were finally admitted for membership in 1950—Terry, Edwina Dumm and gag cartoonist Barbara Shermund.〔 On November 6, 1951, 49 members of the NCS arrived at Washington's Carlton Hotel for breakfast with Harry S. Truman. Gathered in Washington to help the Treasury Department sell Defense Stamps, the group presented Truman with a bound volume of their comic strip characters, some interacting with caricatures of Truman.〔("Speaking of Pictures". ''Life'', December 3. 1951. )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Cartoonists Society」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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